The Evolution of Data Collection Techniques in Educational Management Research: A Literature Review
Keywords:
Data Collection Techniques, Educational Management, Literature Review, Educational Technology, Research Method Innovation.
Abstract
This study aims to examine the evolution of data collection techniques in educational management research through a systematic review of literature published over the past two decades. The study adopts a literature review design by analyzing scholarly articles, books, and research reports accessed through major academic databases such as Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar. The findings reveal a significant shift from traditional techniques such as interviews and manual observation to modern, technology-based approaches such as learning analytics, big data, and the use of social media as alternative data sources. Moreover, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly applied in educational management systems to support more accurate and responsive decision-making. The implications of this research suggest that educational practitioners and researchers must adopt more dynamic and context-aware data collection strategies to effectively address the complexities of today's educational systems. This study presents original value by chronologically mapping the trends in data collection techniques and highlighting the gap between conventional educational management practices and current technological advancements. Therefore, this review contributes significantly to the literature by providing a conceptual and methodological framework that can inform future research and policy development in educational management.
References
Adanne, E. F. (2024). A Meta-Analysis of Data-Driven School Leaders and School Effectiveness in the 21st Century. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 12(01), 204–225. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2024.121011
Bond, M. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education -where are the educators. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(39), 2–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/S41239-019-0171-0
Boote, D. N., & Beile, P. (2005). Scholars before Researchers: On the Centrality of the Dissertation Literature Review in Research Preparation. Educational Researcher, 34(6), 3–15.
Daniel, B. (2015). B ig D ata and analytics in higher education: Opportunities and challenges. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(5), 904–920. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12230
Daniel, S. J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49(1–2), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3
Dodman, S. L., Swalwell, K., DeMulder, E. K., View, J. L., & Stribling, S. M. (2021). Critical data-driven decision making: A conceptual model of data use for equity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 99, 103272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103272
Dwiyansaputra, R., Wijaya, I. G. P. S., Bimantoro, F., Agitha, N., & Mardiansyah, A. Z. (2023). Pengembangan Dashboard Berbasis Website Untuk Monitoring dan Evaluasi Di Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Mataram. Jurnal Begawe Teknologi Informasi (JBegaTI), 4(1). https://doi.org/10.29303/jbegati.v4i1.844
Farhan, F. S., Aspriyono, H., & Al Akbar, A. (2025). Perancangan sistem informasi sekolah berbasis web pada TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 1 Bengkulu. IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi, 4(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.24246/itexplore.v4i1.2025.pp65-81
Fernandes, J. (2023). THE ROLE OF DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING IN EFFECTIVE EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 27(2).
García, O. A., & Secades, V. A. (2013). BIG DATA & LEARNING ANALYTICS: A POTENTIAL WAY TO OPTIMIZE ELEARNING TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS.
Hwang, G.-J., Tu, Y.-F., & Tang, K.-Y. (2022). AI in Online-Learning Research: Visualizing and Interpreting the Journal Publications from 1997 to 2019. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 23(1), 104–130. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i1.6319
Klemm, P. R., Ruelens-Trinkaus, D., Allshouse, L. M., & Barnard, P. J. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Higher Education: Common Interdisciplinary Issues and Lessons Learned. Open Journal of Nursing, 10(12), 1195–1208. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2020.1012086
Long, P., & Siemens, G. (2011). Penetrating the Fog: Analytics in Learning and Education. EDUCAUSE Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2011/9/penetrating-the-fog-analytics-in-learning-and-education
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Corcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson.
Madyatmadja, E. D., Sembiring, D. J. M., Angin, S. M. B. P., Ferdy, D., & Andry, J. F. (2021). Big Data in Educational Institutions using RapidMiner to Predict Learning Effectiveness. Journal of Computer Science, 17(4), 403–413. https://doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2021.403.413
Mandinach, E. B., & Gummer, E. S. (2016). Data Literacy for Educators: Making It Count in Teacher Preparation and Practice. Technology, Education--Connections (The TEC Series). Dalam Teachers College Press. Teachers College Press.
Means, B., Padilla, C., Gallagher, L., & International, S. (2010). Use of Education Data at the Local Level From Accountability to Instructional Improvement. U.S. Department of Education Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development.
Medeiros, T., Araújo, A., Silva, J., & Silva, A. (2025). Data Governance in Education: Addressing Challenges and Unlocking Opportunities for Effective Data Management: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 367–374. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013468300003929
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=fjh2DwAAQBAJ
Muslim, M., Hidayat, N., & Wijaya, D. (2025). IMPLEMENTASI PERMENDIKBUD NOMOR 79 TAHUN 2015 TENTANG DATA POKOK PENDIDIKAN DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN KABUPATEN SUMBAWA. Jurnal Kapita Selekta Administrasi Publik, 5(2), 411–419. https://doi.org/10.58406/kapitaselekta.v5i2.1841
Nurzen S., M. (2022). Pengambilan keputusan berbasis data untuk perencanaan pendidikan: Strategi untuk keberhasilan kepala sekolah. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 10(4), 589–596. https://doi.org/10.29210/189500
Reeves, T. D. (2016). Data Literacy for Educators: Making It Count in Teacher Preparation and Practice. Harvard Educational Review, 86(4), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-86.4.607a
Selwyn, N. (2016). Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Soliha, I. A. (2024). ETHICS AND CHALLENGES OF APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Proceeding of International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity, 2(2).
Teräs, M. (2022). Education and technology: Key issues and debates: Neil Selwyn. Bloomsbury Academic, London and New York, 2022, 3rd edition, 222 pp. ISBN 978-1-3501-4554-2 (hbk), ISBN 978-1-3501-4555-9 (pbk), ISBN 978-1-3501-4553-5 (ePDF), ISBN 978-1-3501-4556-6 (eBook). International Review of Education, 68(4), 635–636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-022-09971-9
Torraco, R. J. (2005). Writing Integrative Literature Reviews: Guidelines and Examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484305278283
Van Geel, M., Keuning, T., Visscher, A., & Fox, J.-P. (2017). Changes in educators’ data literacy during a data-based decision making intervention. Teaching and Teacher Education, 64, 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.015
Wayman, J. C. (2005). Involving Teachers in Data-Driven Decision Making: Using Computer Data Systems to Support Teacher Inquiry and Reflection. Journal Of Education For Students Placed At Risk, 10(3), 295–308.
West, D. M. (2012). Big Data for Education: Data Mining, Data Analytics, and Web Dashboards. Gooverner Studies at Brookings Institution.
Williamson, B. (2017). Big Data in Education: The digital future of learning, policy and practice. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529714920
Wolf, R., Reilly, J. M., & Ross, S. M. (2021). Data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 14(2), 162–177. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-03-2019-0045
Bond, M. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education -where are the educators. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(39), 2–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/S41239-019-0171-0
Boote, D. N., & Beile, P. (2005). Scholars before Researchers: On the Centrality of the Dissertation Literature Review in Research Preparation. Educational Researcher, 34(6), 3–15.
Daniel, B. (2015). B ig D ata and analytics in higher education: Opportunities and challenges. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(5), 904–920. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12230
Daniel, S. J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49(1–2), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3
Dodman, S. L., Swalwell, K., DeMulder, E. K., View, J. L., & Stribling, S. M. (2021). Critical data-driven decision making: A conceptual model of data use for equity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 99, 103272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103272
Dwiyansaputra, R., Wijaya, I. G. P. S., Bimantoro, F., Agitha, N., & Mardiansyah, A. Z. (2023). Pengembangan Dashboard Berbasis Website Untuk Monitoring dan Evaluasi Di Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Mataram. Jurnal Begawe Teknologi Informasi (JBegaTI), 4(1). https://doi.org/10.29303/jbegati.v4i1.844
Farhan, F. S., Aspriyono, H., & Al Akbar, A. (2025). Perancangan sistem informasi sekolah berbasis web pada TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 1 Bengkulu. IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi, 4(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.24246/itexplore.v4i1.2025.pp65-81
Fernandes, J. (2023). THE ROLE OF DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING IN EFFECTIVE EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 27(2).
García, O. A., & Secades, V. A. (2013). BIG DATA & LEARNING ANALYTICS: A POTENTIAL WAY TO OPTIMIZE ELEARNING TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS.
Hwang, G.-J., Tu, Y.-F., & Tang, K.-Y. (2022). AI in Online-Learning Research: Visualizing and Interpreting the Journal Publications from 1997 to 2019. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 23(1), 104–130. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i1.6319
Klemm, P. R., Ruelens-Trinkaus, D., Allshouse, L. M., & Barnard, P. J. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Higher Education: Common Interdisciplinary Issues and Lessons Learned. Open Journal of Nursing, 10(12), 1195–1208. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2020.1012086
Long, P., & Siemens, G. (2011). Penetrating the Fog: Analytics in Learning and Education. EDUCAUSE Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2011/9/penetrating-the-fog-analytics-in-learning-and-education
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Corcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson.
Madyatmadja, E. D., Sembiring, D. J. M., Angin, S. M. B. P., Ferdy, D., & Andry, J. F. (2021). Big Data in Educational Institutions using RapidMiner to Predict Learning Effectiveness. Journal of Computer Science, 17(4), 403–413. https://doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2021.403.413
Mandinach, E. B., & Gummer, E. S. (2016). Data Literacy for Educators: Making It Count in Teacher Preparation and Practice. Technology, Education--Connections (The TEC Series). Dalam Teachers College Press. Teachers College Press.
Means, B., Padilla, C., Gallagher, L., & International, S. (2010). Use of Education Data at the Local Level From Accountability to Instructional Improvement. U.S. Department of Education Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development.
Medeiros, T., Araújo, A., Silva, J., & Silva, A. (2025). Data Governance in Education: Addressing Challenges and Unlocking Opportunities for Effective Data Management: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 367–374. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013468300003929
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=fjh2DwAAQBAJ
Muslim, M., Hidayat, N., & Wijaya, D. (2025). IMPLEMENTASI PERMENDIKBUD NOMOR 79 TAHUN 2015 TENTANG DATA POKOK PENDIDIKAN DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN KABUPATEN SUMBAWA. Jurnal Kapita Selekta Administrasi Publik, 5(2), 411–419. https://doi.org/10.58406/kapitaselekta.v5i2.1841
Nurzen S., M. (2022). Pengambilan keputusan berbasis data untuk perencanaan pendidikan: Strategi untuk keberhasilan kepala sekolah. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 10(4), 589–596. https://doi.org/10.29210/189500
Reeves, T. D. (2016). Data Literacy for Educators: Making It Count in Teacher Preparation and Practice. Harvard Educational Review, 86(4), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-86.4.607a
Selwyn, N. (2016). Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Soliha, I. A. (2024). ETHICS AND CHALLENGES OF APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Proceeding of International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity, 2(2).
Teräs, M. (2022). Education and technology: Key issues and debates: Neil Selwyn. Bloomsbury Academic, London and New York, 2022, 3rd edition, 222 pp. ISBN 978-1-3501-4554-2 (hbk), ISBN 978-1-3501-4555-9 (pbk), ISBN 978-1-3501-4553-5 (ePDF), ISBN 978-1-3501-4556-6 (eBook). International Review of Education, 68(4), 635–636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-022-09971-9
Torraco, R. J. (2005). Writing Integrative Literature Reviews: Guidelines and Examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484305278283
Van Geel, M., Keuning, T., Visscher, A., & Fox, J.-P. (2017). Changes in educators’ data literacy during a data-based decision making intervention. Teaching and Teacher Education, 64, 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.015
Wayman, J. C. (2005). Involving Teachers in Data-Driven Decision Making: Using Computer Data Systems to Support Teacher Inquiry and Reflection. Journal Of Education For Students Placed At Risk, 10(3), 295–308.
West, D. M. (2012). Big Data for Education: Data Mining, Data Analytics, and Web Dashboards. Gooverner Studies at Brookings Institution.
Williamson, B. (2017). Big Data in Education: The digital future of learning, policy and practice. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529714920
Wolf, R., Reilly, J. M., & Ross, S. M. (2021). Data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 14(2), 162–177. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-03-2019-0045
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
Purwanto, B., Tarihoran, N., & Firdaus, R. (2025, December 31). The Evolution of Data Collection Techniques in Educational Management Research: A Literature Review. Al Hikmah Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education, 9(2), 374-388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35896/ijecie.v9i2.1018
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
