Communal-Spiritual Ethnoparenting Model Based on Sunda Wiwitan Indigenous Knowledge in Early Childhood Character Formation and Cultural Transmission
Keywords:
Sunda Wiwitan ethnoparenting, indigenous knowledge, cultural transmission, communal parenting, early childhood education
Abstract
Early childhood parenting in indigenous communities should be understood as a cultural educational process that extends beyond household care. This study examines Sunda Wiwitan ethnoparenting practices, values transmitted to young children, and community strategies for responding to modernization while sustaining cultural identity. A qualitative design using Spradley’s ethnographic method was employed. Data were gathered through participant observation, in-depth interviews with customary leaders, parents, and community members, and a literature review on culturally grounded parenting and early childhood education. Data credibility was strengthened through source and technique triangulation, repeated observation, member checking, and an audit trail. The findings show that Sunda Wiwitan ethnoparenting operates as a communal-spiritual parenting model connecting family, customary leadership, rituals, agriculture, oral tradition, local arts, and the natural environment. Values transmitted to children include respect for parents and ancestors, religiosity, gratitude, simplicity, responsibility, social solidarity, cultural identity, and ecological harmony. The community adapts to modernization by filtering technology, supporting education, documenting culture digitally, and strengthening customary leadership. This study contributes an indigenous knowledge-based model for local-wisdom early childhood education.
References
Andriani, F. and Rachmawati, Y. (2022) ‘Etnoparenting: Pengasuhan orang tua perkawinan multi etnis’, Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), pp. 4669–4680. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.2436.
Apipah, F.T. et al. (2023) ‘Program parenting SOS (Sekolah Orang Tua Santri) di TK Ihya Assunnah Tasikmalaya’, PAUDIA: Jurnal Penelitian dalam Bidang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 12(1), pp. 116–129. Available at: https://doi.org/10.26877/paudia.v12i1.15380.
As, E. et al. (2020) Sunda Wiwitan: The belief system of Baduy indigenous community. Banten, Indonesia. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v5i1.8069.
Calzada, E. et al. (2012) ‘Test of a cultural framework of parenting with Latino families of young children’, Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 18(3), pp. 285–296. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028694.
Caplan, R. et al. (2020) ‘Indigenous and non-Indigenous parents separated from their children and experiencing homelessness and mental illness in Canada’, Journal of Community Psychology, 48(8), pp. 2753–2772. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22455.
Cardona, J. et al. (2012) ‘Culturally adapting an evidence-based parenting intervention for Latino immigrants’, Family Process, 51(1), pp. 56–72. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01386.x.
Cheung, H. and Lim, E. (2022) ‘A scoping review of Singapore parenting: Culture-general and culture-specific functions of parenting styles and practices’, Infant and Child Development, 31(4), p. 2312. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2312.
Febiyanti, A. and Yulindrasari, H. (2021) ‘Cultural hybridity in parenting in Indonesia’, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Early Childhood Education. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210322.035.
Fitroh, S.F. et al. (2025) ‘Kemampuan sosial anak usia dini: Sebuah tinjauan etnoparenting pada lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini’, Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 5(1), pp. 11–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.62491/njpi.2025.v5i1-2.
Halimah, L. and Guntara, D. (2017) ‘Budaya Seren Taun sebagai kearifan lokal masyarakat Kasepuhan Cisungsang Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten’, Journal of Moral and Civic Education, 1(1), pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24036/8851412020171117.
Hao, L. (2022) ‘Chopsticks and clothes: Chinese heritage parents’ perspectives on young children’s technology use as a tool for language and cultural learning’, Literacy, 57(1), pp. 28–39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/lit.12312.
Hidayat, R., Siswono, E. and Yanuardi, M. (2020) ‘Teaching multiculturalism on the grass root society: An experience from Sunda Wiwitan community in West Java, Indonesia’, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 10(2), pp. 42–45. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18178/ijssh.2020.v10.1011.
Knauer, H. et al. (2017) ‘Stimulating parenting practices in indigenous and non-indigenous Mexican communities’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), p. 29. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010029.
Lu, H. (2023) ‘Cultural values, parenting, and child adjustment in China’, International Journal of Psychology, 59(4), pp. 512–521. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.13100.
Malik, A. (2017) ‘Seren Taun sebagai media komunikasi adat’, Lontar: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 5(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.30656/lontar.v5i1.482.
Mutaqin, Z. and Iryana, W. (2018) ‘Perubahan sosial budaya masyarakat Kasepuhan Adat Banten Kidul-Kabupaten Sukabumi’, Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 2(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v2i2.3098.
Nasution, N.A.D., Yumarni, V. and Marwah, S. (2021) ‘Tumbuh kembang anak dan pola pengasuhan orang tua pada masa golden age di RA Vinnaja Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Provinsi Jambi’, Al Hikmah: Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education, 5(1), pp. 27–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.35896/ijecie.v5i1.183.
Noorbani, M. (2023) ‘Contestation or adaptation: Mode of maintaining cacah jiwa tradition in the indigenous community of Kasepuhan Cisungsang Lebak, Banten’, Al-Qalam, 29(2), pp. 199–214. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31969/alq.v29i2.1283.
Nur, M., Siswayanti, N. and Nurrahmah, N. (2021) ‘Makna moderasi dalam ritual ngareremokeun masyarakat Kasepuhan Cisungsang, Lebak-Banten’, Jurnal Smart, 7(2), pp. 218–229. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18784/smart.v7i2.1373.
Prawening, C. and Aprida, A.L.M. (2021) ‘Etno parenting dalam tradisi keluarga: Studi kasus keluarga Samsul Hidayat’, in Proceedings of The 5th Annual Conference on Islamic Early Childhood Education, pp. 32–39. Available at: https://conference.uin-suka.ac.id/index.php/aciece/article/view/630.
Rachmawati, Y. (2020) ‘Pengembangan model etnoparenting Indonesia pada pengasuhan anak’, Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), pp. 1151–1163. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.706.
Rudy, D. and Grusec, J. (2006) ‘Authoritarian parenting in individualist and collectivist groups: Associations with maternal emotion and cognition and children’s self-esteem’, Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), pp. 68–78. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.68.
Saputri, L. and Nasution, S. (2023) ‘Model pengasuhan terhadap pembentukan karakter anak Panti Asuhan Al-Washliyah Kota Binjai’, PAUDIA: Jurnal Penelitian dalam Bidang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 12(1), pp. 39–49. Available at: https://doi.org/10.26877/paudia.v12i1.15548.
Septiyansah, A. (2023) ‘Analisis tradisi ritual adat Seren Taun Kasepuhan Cisungsang dalam upaya pelestarian budaya’, Jurnal Multidisiplin Teknologi dan Arsitektur, 1(2), pp. 32–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.57235/motekar.v1i2.1325.
Sodikin, S. (2022) ‘Understanding the concept of Sunda Wiwitan religion in the Baduy community in Indonesia related to environmental management’, International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 2(12), pp. 744–748. Available at: https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/v02i12y2022-06.
Spradley, J.P. (1997) Metode etnografi. Tiara Wacana. Available at: https://books.google.com/books/about/Metode_etnografi.html?id=ehLGnQAACAAJ.
Suratman, B. (2021) ‘Etnoparenting di masa sekarang: Menggali model pengasuhan tradisional etnis Melayu Sambas’, in Proceedings of The 5th Annual Conference on Islamic Early Childhood Education, pp. 12–25. Available at: https://conference.uin-suka.ac.id/index.php/aciece/article/view/628.
Apipah, F.T. et al. (2023) ‘Program parenting SOS (Sekolah Orang Tua Santri) di TK Ihya Assunnah Tasikmalaya’, PAUDIA: Jurnal Penelitian dalam Bidang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 12(1), pp. 116–129. Available at: https://doi.org/10.26877/paudia.v12i1.15380.
As, E. et al. (2020) Sunda Wiwitan: The belief system of Baduy indigenous community. Banten, Indonesia. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v5i1.8069.
Calzada, E. et al. (2012) ‘Test of a cultural framework of parenting with Latino families of young children’, Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 18(3), pp. 285–296. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028694.
Caplan, R. et al. (2020) ‘Indigenous and non-Indigenous parents separated from their children and experiencing homelessness and mental illness in Canada’, Journal of Community Psychology, 48(8), pp. 2753–2772. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22455.
Cardona, J. et al. (2012) ‘Culturally adapting an evidence-based parenting intervention for Latino immigrants’, Family Process, 51(1), pp. 56–72. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01386.x.
Cheung, H. and Lim, E. (2022) ‘A scoping review of Singapore parenting: Culture-general and culture-specific functions of parenting styles and practices’, Infant and Child Development, 31(4), p. 2312. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2312.
Febiyanti, A. and Yulindrasari, H. (2021) ‘Cultural hybridity in parenting in Indonesia’, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Early Childhood Education. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210322.035.
Fitroh, S.F. et al. (2025) ‘Kemampuan sosial anak usia dini: Sebuah tinjauan etnoparenting pada lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini’, Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 5(1), pp. 11–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.62491/njpi.2025.v5i1-2.
Halimah, L. and Guntara, D. (2017) ‘Budaya Seren Taun sebagai kearifan lokal masyarakat Kasepuhan Cisungsang Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten’, Journal of Moral and Civic Education, 1(1), pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24036/8851412020171117.
Hao, L. (2022) ‘Chopsticks and clothes: Chinese heritage parents’ perspectives on young children’s technology use as a tool for language and cultural learning’, Literacy, 57(1), pp. 28–39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/lit.12312.
Hidayat, R., Siswono, E. and Yanuardi, M. (2020) ‘Teaching multiculturalism on the grass root society: An experience from Sunda Wiwitan community in West Java, Indonesia’, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 10(2), pp. 42–45. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18178/ijssh.2020.v10.1011.
Knauer, H. et al. (2017) ‘Stimulating parenting practices in indigenous and non-indigenous Mexican communities’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), p. 29. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010029.
Lu, H. (2023) ‘Cultural values, parenting, and child adjustment in China’, International Journal of Psychology, 59(4), pp. 512–521. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.13100.
Malik, A. (2017) ‘Seren Taun sebagai media komunikasi adat’, Lontar: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 5(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.30656/lontar.v5i1.482.
Mutaqin, Z. and Iryana, W. (2018) ‘Perubahan sosial budaya masyarakat Kasepuhan Adat Banten Kidul-Kabupaten Sukabumi’, Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 2(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v2i2.3098.
Nasution, N.A.D., Yumarni, V. and Marwah, S. (2021) ‘Tumbuh kembang anak dan pola pengasuhan orang tua pada masa golden age di RA Vinnaja Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Provinsi Jambi’, Al Hikmah: Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education, 5(1), pp. 27–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.35896/ijecie.v5i1.183.
Noorbani, M. (2023) ‘Contestation or adaptation: Mode of maintaining cacah jiwa tradition in the indigenous community of Kasepuhan Cisungsang Lebak, Banten’, Al-Qalam, 29(2), pp. 199–214. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31969/alq.v29i2.1283.
Nur, M., Siswayanti, N. and Nurrahmah, N. (2021) ‘Makna moderasi dalam ritual ngareremokeun masyarakat Kasepuhan Cisungsang, Lebak-Banten’, Jurnal Smart, 7(2), pp. 218–229. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18784/smart.v7i2.1373.
Prawening, C. and Aprida, A.L.M. (2021) ‘Etno parenting dalam tradisi keluarga: Studi kasus keluarga Samsul Hidayat’, in Proceedings of The 5th Annual Conference on Islamic Early Childhood Education, pp. 32–39. Available at: https://conference.uin-suka.ac.id/index.php/aciece/article/view/630.
Rachmawati, Y. (2020) ‘Pengembangan model etnoparenting Indonesia pada pengasuhan anak’, Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), pp. 1151–1163. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.706.
Rudy, D. and Grusec, J. (2006) ‘Authoritarian parenting in individualist and collectivist groups: Associations with maternal emotion and cognition and children’s self-esteem’, Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), pp. 68–78. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.68.
Saputri, L. and Nasution, S. (2023) ‘Model pengasuhan terhadap pembentukan karakter anak Panti Asuhan Al-Washliyah Kota Binjai’, PAUDIA: Jurnal Penelitian dalam Bidang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 12(1), pp. 39–49. Available at: https://doi.org/10.26877/paudia.v12i1.15548.
Septiyansah, A. (2023) ‘Analisis tradisi ritual adat Seren Taun Kasepuhan Cisungsang dalam upaya pelestarian budaya’, Jurnal Multidisiplin Teknologi dan Arsitektur, 1(2), pp. 32–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.57235/motekar.v1i2.1325.
Sodikin, S. (2022) ‘Understanding the concept of Sunda Wiwitan religion in the Baduy community in Indonesia related to environmental management’, International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 2(12), pp. 744–748. Available at: https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/v02i12y2022-06.
Spradley, J.P. (1997) Metode etnografi. Tiara Wacana. Available at: https://books.google.com/books/about/Metode_etnografi.html?id=ehLGnQAACAAJ.
Suratman, B. (2021) ‘Etnoparenting di masa sekarang: Menggali model pengasuhan tradisional etnis Melayu Sambas’, in Proceedings of The 5th Annual Conference on Islamic Early Childhood Education, pp. 12–25. Available at: https://conference.uin-suka.ac.id/index.php/aciece/article/view/628.
Published
2026-10-05
How to Cite
Huliyah, M., Umayah, U., & Mu’awanah, U. (2026). Communal-Spiritual Ethnoparenting Model Based on Sunda Wiwitan Indigenous Knowledge in Early Childhood Character Formation and Cultural Transmission. Al Hikmah Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education, 10(1), 227-241. https://doi.org/10.35896/ijecie.v10i1.1440
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Al Hikmah Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
