Father's Attachment and Its Implications for Children's Self-Confidence in Kindergarten
father's attachment, self-confidence, early childhood
Keywords:
Father's attachment, self-confidence, early childhood.
Abstract
In the Jatimurni sub-district of Bekasi City, this study is to examine the relationship between father attachment and self-confidence in children aged 5 to 6. This study's foundation is the observation that, in Indonesia, fathers are not actively involved in their children's upbringing, which has negative effects on their children's social and emotional development, especially their self-confidence. Involving 104 dads and children between the ages of 5 and 6, the study method used a correlational quantitative approach with a purposive sample strategy. A validated and reliable questionnaire serves as the research tool. A basic linear regression and Spearman's rho correlation test are used in data analysis. A correlation coefficient of 0.752 and a R Squared value of 0.566 indicate that there is a strong relationship between father attachment and self-confidence in young children. Except for the father's connection, which is affected by variables not included in this research. The significance of the father's involvement in fostering self-confidence in children from a young age is highlighted by these results, which support Bowlby's attachment theory. Family education programs and social support should be more prominent in raising dads' consciousness of their roles as active participants in their children's upbringing, according to the research's practical implications. Additional research into the elements that influence children's self-confidence is needed, according to this study.
References
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Choi, J., Kim, H. K., Capaldi, D. M., & Snodgrass, J. J. (2021). Long-term effects of father involvement in childhood on their son’s physiological stress regulation system in adulthood. Developmental Psychobiology, 63(6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22152
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Dr. Ahmad Susanto, M. P. (2016). Teori Belajar dan Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar. Kencana.
Elia, H. (2000). Peran ayah dalam mendidik anak. 1(April), 105–113.
Fatmasari, A. E., & Faturochman. (2013). DINAMIKA KEDEKATAN HUBUNGAN ORANGTUA-ANAK: PERBEDAAN KEDEKATAN AYAH-IBU DENGAN ANAK LAKI-LAKI DAN ANAK PEREMPUAN TAHAP REMAJA AKHIR PADA KELUARGA JAWA.
Garfield, C. F., & Isacco, A. J. (2012). Urban fathers’ involvement in their child’s health and healthcare. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 13(1), 32–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025696
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Lamb, M. E. (2010). The Role of the Father in Child Development (M. E. Lamb (ed.); Fifth Edit). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mil, S. (2024). The impact of parenting stress among fathers on children ’ s negative emotional behaviors. 10(December), 138–147.
Mil, S., Jalal, F., & Djamaris, M. (2022). Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi, Parenting Stress dan Pengasuhan Ayah Terhadap Kesejahteraan Anak. Universitas Negeri Jakarta.
Mil, S., & Qothrunnada, F. (2023). Pengaruh Pengasuhan Ayah terhadap Perilaku Insecure Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(4), 4752–4763. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i4.4877
Mulihatun, W. N., & Santi, M. Y. (2022). Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keterlibatan Ayah dalam Pengasuhan Anak Usia Dini Article history : Public Health Faculty Universitas Muslim Indonesia Address : Email : Phone : Received 7 Mei 2021 Accepted 16 Januari 2022 PENDAHULUAN menerus pada semua area perk. Window of Health: Jurnal Kesehatan, 5(1), 20–34.
Nada, K. (2023). Peran Secure Attachment Orang Tua Dalam Membangun Kepercayaan Diri Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Kelurahan Gandaria Selatan. Repository.Uinjkt.Ac.Id.
Nielsen, L. (2014). Young Adult Daughters’ Relationships With Their Fathers: Review of Recent Research. Marriage and Family Review, 50(4), 360–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2013.879553
Palkovitz, R., & Hull, J. (2018). Toward a Resource Theory of Fathering. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 10(1), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12239
Palkovitz, R. J. (2014). Involving fathering and Men’s Adult Development (first edit). Psychology Press.
Pleck, J. H. (1997). Paternal involvement: Levels, sources, and consequences. In The role of the father in child development (pp. 66–103). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Rahmawati, E., Astuti, A. D., Anjani, D., & Mulyani, N. S. R. D. (2024). Peningkatan Kepercayaan Diri Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Pembiasaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Bening : Belajar Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 8(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.36709/bening.v8i1.46209
Safitri, V., & Prabawa, A. . (2024). Kajian Literatur: Self-Confidence, Self-Concept dan Sikap Tafa’ul. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies: SHEs: Conference Series 7, 7(3), 1–23.
Salistina, D. (2016). HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAVORITISME ORANGTUA DAN SIBLING RIVALRY DENGAN HARGA DIRI REMAJA. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85(1), 6.
Santyani, W., & Suryanti, D. S. (2024). The Influence of Daughter ’ s Attachment to Father on Social Emotional Development. 7(1), 63–71.
Sethna, V., Perry, E., Domoney, J., Iles, J., Psychogiou, L., Rowbotham, N. E. L., Stein, A., Murray, L., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2017). FATHER–CHILD INTERACTIONS AT 3 MONTHS AND 24 MONTHS: CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHILDREN’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AT 24 MONTHS. Infant Mental Health Journal, 38(3), 378–390. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21642
Sitorus, A. S. (2023). Kepercayaan Diri, Keterampilan Sosial dan Emosional Anak; Studi Korelasional dan Stimulasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 11(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v11i1.54350
Vinayastri, A., Muhammadiyah, U., & Hamka, P. (2017). Negeri tanpa ayah. Jurnal Pendidikan PAUD, 02(1), 71–83.
Wahyuni, A., Depalina, S., Wahyuningsih, R., Tinggi, S., Islam, A., & Mandailing, N. (2021). Peran Ayah (Fathering) Dalam Pengasuhan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 2(2), 055–066.
Yoon, S., Kim, M., Yang, J., Lee, J. Y., Latelle, A., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., & Schoppe-Sullivan, S. (2021). Patterns of father involvement and child development among families with low income. Children, 8(12), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8121164
Aini, A. ., Setiadi, A. ., Mahdavika, A., & Nabilah, S. . (2021). Analisis Kepercayaan Diri Anak Usia Dini Dalam Kajian Studi Sosial. (JP2KG AUD) Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengasuhan, Kesehatan, Dan Gizi Anak Usia Dini, 2(1), 41–48. https://journal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jt
Baker, C. E. (2017). Father-Son Relationships in Ethnically Diverse Families: Links To Boys’ Cognitive and Social Emotional Development in Preschool. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(8), 2335–2345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0743-3
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1989). Ecological systems theory. In . Annals of Child Development (6th ed., pp. 187–249.).
Cabrera, N. J., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Lamb, M. E., & Boller, K. (1999). Measuring Father Involvement in the Early Head Start Evaluation: A Multidimensional Conceptualization. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED357698.pdf
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. (3rd ed.). Guilford Publications.
Choi, J., Kim, H. K., Capaldi, D. M., & Snodgrass, J. J. (2021). Long-term effects of father involvement in childhood on their son’s physiological stress regulation system in adulthood. Developmental Psychobiology, 63(6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22152
Cockerham, W. C., Dingwall, R., Quah, S. R., & Baker, E. H. (2014). Socioeconomic Status, Definition.
Dr. Ahmad Susanto, M. P. (2016). Teori Belajar dan Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar. Kencana.
Elia, H. (2000). Peran ayah dalam mendidik anak. 1(April), 105–113.
Fatmasari, A. E., & Faturochman. (2013). DINAMIKA KEDEKATAN HUBUNGAN ORANGTUA-ANAK: PERBEDAAN KEDEKATAN AYAH-IBU DENGAN ANAK LAKI-LAKI DAN ANAK PEREMPUAN TAHAP REMAJA AKHIR PADA KELUARGA JAWA.
Garfield, C. F., & Isacco, A. J. (2012). Urban fathers’ involvement in their child’s health and healthcare. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 13(1), 32–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025696
Hawkins, A., Bradford, K., Palkovitz, R., Christiansen, S., Day, R., & Call, V. (2002). The Inventory of Father Involvement: A Pilot Study of a New Measure of Father Involvement. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 10(2), 183–196. https://doi.org/10.3149/jms.1002.183
Hidayat, A. ., Ulfah, U., Nurapriani, J. ., & Sapliah, N. . (2024). Analisis Dampak Peran Ayah Terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Di Smpn 2 Pasirjambu Kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Tahsinia, 5(3), 347–363.
Kamila, A. T., & Tasaufi, M. N. F. (2023). Hubungan Kelekatan Ayah dan Self Compassion pada Remaja Akhir. Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Psychology (JICOP), 3(1s), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.25299/jicop.v3i1s.12344
Kholasoh Riflatullisa, N., Yusuf Sobri, A., Wahyuni, S., Arifin, I., Pramono, P., Nur Aisyah, E., & Putri Pratiwi, A. (2024). Pengaruh Peran Ayah terhadap Rasa Percaya Diri Anak. Murhum : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 766–777. https://doi.org/10.37985/murhum.v5i1.651
Kintani, Y., Ali, M., & Endang, B. (2013). Sikap Percaya Diri Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Segedong. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 2(10), 1–11.
Kumari, R., Rahayu, S., Sari, E. P., & Supriyadi, S. (2023). Pengaruh Kepercayaan Diri terhadap Kemampuan Bicara Anak Usia Dini. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(11), 8586–8591. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i11.3147
Lamb, M. E. (2010). The Role of the Father in Child Development (M. E. Lamb (ed.); Fifth Edit). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mil, S. (2024). The impact of parenting stress among fathers on children ’ s negative emotional behaviors. 10(December), 138–147.
Mil, S., Jalal, F., & Djamaris, M. (2022). Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi, Parenting Stress dan Pengasuhan Ayah Terhadap Kesejahteraan Anak. Universitas Negeri Jakarta.
Mil, S., & Qothrunnada, F. (2023). Pengaruh Pengasuhan Ayah terhadap Perilaku Insecure Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(4), 4752–4763. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i4.4877
Mulihatun, W. N., & Santi, M. Y. (2022). Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keterlibatan Ayah dalam Pengasuhan Anak Usia Dini Article history : Public Health Faculty Universitas Muslim Indonesia Address : Email : Phone : Received 7 Mei 2021 Accepted 16 Januari 2022 PENDAHULUAN menerus pada semua area perk. Window of Health: Jurnal Kesehatan, 5(1), 20–34.
Nada, K. (2023). Peran Secure Attachment Orang Tua Dalam Membangun Kepercayaan Diri Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Kelurahan Gandaria Selatan. Repository.Uinjkt.Ac.Id.
Nielsen, L. (2014). Young Adult Daughters’ Relationships With Their Fathers: Review of Recent Research. Marriage and Family Review, 50(4), 360–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2013.879553
Palkovitz, R., & Hull, J. (2018). Toward a Resource Theory of Fathering. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 10(1), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12239
Palkovitz, R. J. (2014). Involving fathering and Men’s Adult Development (first edit). Psychology Press.
Pleck, J. H. (1997). Paternal involvement: Levels, sources, and consequences. In The role of the father in child development (pp. 66–103). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Rahmawati, E., Astuti, A. D., Anjani, D., & Mulyani, N. S. R. D. (2024). Peningkatan Kepercayaan Diri Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Pembiasaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Bening : Belajar Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 8(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.36709/bening.v8i1.46209
Safitri, V., & Prabawa, A. . (2024). Kajian Literatur: Self-Confidence, Self-Concept dan Sikap Tafa’ul. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies: SHEs: Conference Series 7, 7(3), 1–23.
Salistina, D. (2016). HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAVORITISME ORANGTUA DAN SIBLING RIVALRY DENGAN HARGA DIRI REMAJA. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85(1), 6.
Santyani, W., & Suryanti, D. S. (2024). The Influence of Daughter ’ s Attachment to Father on Social Emotional Development. 7(1), 63–71.
Sethna, V., Perry, E., Domoney, J., Iles, J., Psychogiou, L., Rowbotham, N. E. L., Stein, A., Murray, L., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2017). FATHER–CHILD INTERACTIONS AT 3 MONTHS AND 24 MONTHS: CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHILDREN’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AT 24 MONTHS. Infant Mental Health Journal, 38(3), 378–390. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21642
Sitorus, A. S. (2023). Kepercayaan Diri, Keterampilan Sosial dan Emosional Anak; Studi Korelasional dan Stimulasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 11(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v11i1.54350
Vinayastri, A., Muhammadiyah, U., & Hamka, P. (2017). Negeri tanpa ayah. Jurnal Pendidikan PAUD, 02(1), 71–83.
Wahyuni, A., Depalina, S., Wahyuningsih, R., Tinggi, S., Islam, A., & Mandailing, N. (2021). Peran Ayah (Fathering) Dalam Pengasuhan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 2(2), 055–066.
Yoon, S., Kim, M., Yang, J., Lee, J. Y., Latelle, A., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., & Schoppe-Sullivan, S. (2021). Patterns of father involvement and child development among families with low income. Children, 8(12), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8121164
Published
2025-06-29
How to Cite
Mil, S., & Natasha, D. (2025, June 29). Father’s Attachment and Its Implications for Children’s Self-Confidence in Kindergarten. Al Hikmah Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education, 9(1), 212-225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35896/ijecie.v9i1.980
Section
Articles
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