THE DOMINANCE OF LOCAL CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS DOGMA OVER STATE LAW: A STUDY OF CHILD MARRIAGE LEGAL CULTURE IN RURAL INDONESIA
Keywords:
Child marriage. Customary law. Religious dogmatism State law; Legal culture; Lawrence M. Friedman; and Socio-legal
Abstract
The phenomenon of child marriage in rural Indonesia is a complex socio-legal issue, characterized by tensions between state legal norms, customary traditions, and interpretations of religious dogma. Although Law No. 16/2019 has raised the minimum age for marriage for men and women to 19 years with the noble aim of protecting children's rights, the reality on the ground shows a high number of requests for marriage dispensations that actually legitimize this practice. This study aims to analyze the dominance of customary law and religious dogmatism over state law in the context of child marriage through the framework of Lawrence M Friedman's Legal System Theory. Using qualitative socio-legal research methods, this study examines the dynamic interaction between legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture.
References
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Musyafah, Aisyah Ayu, and Salsa Sabila. “Penyelenggaraan Perkawinan Suku Anak Dalam Berdasarkan Hukum Adat Dan Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia.” Notarius 17, no. 1 (2024): 596–608. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v17i1.62808.
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Tantimin. “POLEMIK MENINGKATNYA PERKAWINAN ANAK: REALITAS DAN PENCEGAHANNYA,” 2016, 15–29.
Umboh, Marsela Claudia. “Pencegahan Terhadap Perkawinan Anak Di Bawah Umur Dalam Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan.” LEX PRIVATUM 1, no. 1 (n.d.): 303–35. https://siducat.org/index.php/kenduri.
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Barkah, Qodariah, Cholidi Chalidi, Siti Rochmiyatun, Sulikah Asmorowati, and Henky Fernando. “The Manipulation of Religion and The Legalization of Underage Marriages in Indonesia.” Samarah 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.13316.
Bemmelan, Sita Thamar van, and Mies Grijins. “Relevansi Kajian Hukum Adat: Kasus Perkawinan Anak Dari Masa Ke Masa.” Mimbar Hukum 30 (2018): 516–43.
Friedman, Lawrence M. “Sistem Hukum: Perspektif Ilmu Sosial.” Khozim. Cet. Ke-4. Bandung: Nusa Media, 2011.
Gobel, Meity Van. “Dispensasi Kawin Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Di Pengadilan Agama Manado.” I’tisham 1, no. 1 (2021): 78–100.
Habibi, Muhammad, N Febriana, Nur Kholan Karima, Bayu Sudjatmiko, Magister Ilmu, and Hukum Universitas. “ANALISIS PERUBAHAN UU NO. 16 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG PEMBATASAN USIA PERNIKAHAN SEBAGAI RESPON TERHADAP PROBLEMATIKA PERNIKAHAN ANAK DI INDONESIA.” Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 6, no. 6 (2025): 1–18.
Haryadi, Selma Kirana. “Tokoh Agama, Adat Pegang Kunci Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak.” https://magdalene.co, 2020. https://magdalene.co/story/tokoh-agama-adat-pegang-kunci-pencegahan-perkawinan-anak/.
Hasoloan, Rudolf Johanes, and Azril Rozzaqi. “Impact of Marriage Under Children in the Perspective of Marriage Law and the Civil Code.” Indonesia Private Law Review 3, no. 2 (2022): 89–96. https://doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v3i2.2475.
Hidayat, N., & Jalil, A. (2023, May 18). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MARRIAGE AGE RESTRICTION (Case Study in Cianjur and Ngamprah West Java in 2019-2020). Al Hakam: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law and Gender Issues, 3(1), 36-49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35896/alhakam.v3i1.220
Horwitz, Allan, Lawrence M. Friedman, William E. Nelson, and Roberto Mangabeira Unger. “The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective.” Contemporary Sociology 6, no. 3 (1977). https://doi.org/10.2307/2064787.
IHWAN, M. YAUMUL. “PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM PEMBERIAN IZIN DISPENSASI PERKAWINAN ANAK DIBAWAH UMUR (Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Agama Giri Menang).” Mataram, 2020.
Indah Listyorini, and Hamdan Arief Hanif. “Faktor Penyebab Dispensasi Nikah Di Kecamatan Kalitidu Kabupaten Bojonegoro.” Sahaja 2, no. 1 (2023): 170–76. https://doi.org/10.61159/sahaja.v2i1.90.
Ismayawati, Any. “Pengaruh Budaya Hukum Terhadap Pembangunan Hukum Di Indonesia (Kritik Terhadap Lemahnya Budaya Hukum Di Indonesia).” Pranata Hukum, 2011. http://ejournal.uki.ac.id/index.php/tora/article/view/1114/941.
Judiasih, Sonny Dewi, and Susilowati S. Bambang Daru Nugroho Dajaan. “KONTRADIKSI ANTARA DISPENSASI KAWIN DENGAN UPAYA MEMINIMALISIR PERKAWINAN BAWAH UMUR DI INDONESIA.” ACTA DIURNAL: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Unpad 3, no. 2 (2020): 203–22.
Kuswanto, H, P P Oktaviana, F Efendi, N Nelwati, and ... “Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Female Child Marriage in Indonesia.” Plos One. journals.plos.org, 2024. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0305821.
Madani Ibnu Usman, MA. “Batas Usia Perkawinan: Tantangan Hukum Dan Solusi Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019.” Zaaken: Journal of Civil and Business Law 6, no. 1 (2025): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.22437/zaaken.v6i1.41670.
Mahendra, and Violis Maisuri. “Early Marriage In Indonesia Islamic Family Law Perspective.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 1, no. 2 (2022): 282–93. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v1i2.6215.
Musyafah, Aisyah Ayu, and Salsa Sabila. “Penyelenggaraan Perkawinan Suku Anak Dalam Berdasarkan Hukum Adat Dan Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia.” Notarius 17, no. 1 (2024): 596–608. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v17i1.62808.
Nurlita, Divani ‘Aina, Elvira Damayanti, and Daffa Arjuna Arya Putra. “Perkawinan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Adat Indonesia : Ragam Sistem , Tradisi , Dan Tantangan Modern” 03, no. 02 (2025): 99–116.
Nurmin K. Martam, and Yayan Hanapi. “Tinjauan Yuridis Sosiologis Terhadap Pelaksanaan Perkawinan Dibawah Umur.” Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Publik Dan Negara 2, no. 1 (2025): 136–49. https://doi.org/10.62383/hukum.v2i1.136.
Prabowo, Bagya Agung. “Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Penetapan Dispensasi Perkawinan Dini Akibat Hamil Di Luar Nikah Pada Pengadilan Agama Bantul.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 20, no. 2 (2013): 300–317. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol20.iss2.art7.
Pratiwi, Made Natasya Restu Dewi. “Kawin Anak Karena Tradisi, Di Manakah Taring UU TPKS?” https://www.theindonesianinstitute.com/, 2025. https://www.theindonesianinstitute.com/kawin-anak-karena-tradisi-di-manakah-taring-uu-tpks/.
Putu, Ni, Tirta Dewi, Luh Riniti Rahayu, Sri Sulandari, Putu Surya Wedra, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar Bali, et al. “Tantangan Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak Melalui Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi 16, no. 16 (2025): 116–23.
Rafif, Muhammad, and Zakki Adlhiyati. “Tinjauan Penerapan E-Court Di Pengadilan Negeri Yogyakarta Berdasarkan Teori Hukum Lawrence M. Friedman.” Verstek 11, no. 4 (2023): 685–95.
Rahimah, Siti, Heryani, and Mhd. Fakhrurrahman Arif. “Peran Pengadilan Agama Kuala Tungkal Dalam Meminimalisir Angka Perkawinan Di Bawah Umur Berdasarkan Pasal 7 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan.” Siyasah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara 5, no. Juli (2022): 30–49.
Rahmawati, M H, M Supraptiningsih, and M M Fauzi. “Tradisi Perkawinan Anak Di Madura (Diskursus UU No. 12 Tahun 2022 Tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Dan Hukum Islam).” Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Islamic Studies (ICONIS) 2022, no. 12 (2022): 219–28. http://repository.iainmadura.ac.id/id/eprint/728%0Ahttp://repository.iainmadura.ac.id/728/1/Manual Book Rev1.pdf.
Retnowulandari, Wahyuni, Maria Silvya E. Wangga, Maya Indrasti Notoprayitno, and Nadzriah Ahmad. “The Prevalence Of Child Marriage: Comparitive Study Of Indonesia And Other South Asian States.” Jambura Law Review 6, no. 2 (2024): 339–66. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v6i2.24257.
Rizkianti, Siti Julaeha dan Wardani. “Ambivalensi Hukum Perkawinan Orang Tua Dengan Anak Angkat Di Indonesia.” Istinbath 18, no. 1 (2021): 1–22.
Salwa, Dona, Soraya Parahdina, and Abidzar Al Ghiffary. “Implikasi Perubahan Undang-Undang Perkawinan Mengenai Batas Usia Perkawinan Dalam Sistem Hukum Keluarga Di Indonesia.” JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC AND LAW STUDIES 8, no. 1 (2024): 136–56. https://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php/jils/article/view/12860%0Ahttps://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php/jils/article/download/12860/3904.
Supadi. “MENAKAR KEMBALI ALASAN MENDESAK DALAM PERKARA DISPENSASI KAWIN.” https://pta-samarinda.go.id/, 2023. https://pta-samarinda.go.id/artikel-pengadilan/1523-menakar-kembali-alasan-mendesak-dalam-perkara-dispensasi-kawin-oleh-dr-drs-supadi-m-h.
Susilowati, Christina Maya Indah, Sri Suwartiningsih, and Herbin Marulak Siahaan. “Child Marriages and Criminal Law Policy in Indonesia: Exploring Legal Reform Possibilities.” International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 18, no. 2 (2023): 139–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756311.
Syaripuddin, Said, and Ariesthina Laelah. “Pernikahan Dini Bagi Masyarakat Kampung Baru Desa Pitusunggu Kecamatan Ma’rang Kabupaten Pangkep Sulawesi Selatan.” Al-Hukama’ 11, no. 1 (2021): 105–36. https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2021.11.1.105-136.
Tantimin. “POLEMIK MENINGKATNYA PERKAWINAN ANAK: REALITAS DAN PENCEGAHANNYA,” 2016, 15–29.
Umboh, Marsela Claudia. “Pencegahan Terhadap Perkawinan Anak Di Bawah Umur Dalam Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan.” LEX PRIVATUM 1, no. 1 (n.d.): 303–35. https://siducat.org/index.php/kenduri.
Published
2025-11-23
How to Cite
Aziz, M., Sholikah, S., Ghazali, M., Lee, U. H., & Zakiyah, A. (2025, November 23). THE DOMINANCE OF LOCAL CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS DOGMA OVER STATE LAW: A STUDY OF CHILD MARRIAGE LEGAL CULTURE IN RURAL INDONESIA. Al Hakam: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law and Gender Issues, 5(2), 89-103. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35896/alhakam.v5i2.1147
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